So, this post is about verbs. It may not be complete for a while yet, but I'm working on it.

First Conjugation Verbs

First conjugation verbs are very regular- their principal parts are always in the form

-o, -are, -avi, -atum

as in laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatum (to praise)

PRESENT

-o
-s
-t

-mus
-tis
-nt

As in:

laudo
laudas
laudat

laudamus
laudatis
laudant

IMPERFECT TENSE

This tense is used for actions in the past that you're talking about as uncompleted. ("was running", "were sleeping" et alii)

stem plus:

-bam
-bas
-bat

-bamus
-batis
-bant

As

laudabam
laudabas
laudabat

laudabamus
laudabatis
laudabant


PERFECT TENSE

The perfect tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. (ex. walked, slept)

It is formed by adding the following endings to the fourth principal part of a word (always)

-i
-isti
-it

-imus
-istis
-erunt

As:

Laudavi
laudavisti
laudavit

laudavimus
laudavistis
laudaverunt

FUTURE

The simple future tense is used to talk about actions in the future (duh). It is formed by adding the following endings the the stem of the word :

-bo
-bis
-bit

-bimus
-bitis
-bunt


PLUPERFECT

The pluperfect is used to talk about things that happened before things that happened in the past. (For example: had walked, had eaten)
It is formed by adding the following endings (imperfect forms of "to be") onto the third principal part of the word, for verbs of ALL declensions.

-eram
-eras
-erat

-eramus
-eratis
-erant

FUTURE PERFECT

The future perfect is used to talk about actions that will have been completed in the future, but aren't yet. (Confused yet?) It can be translated as "will have done" or "shall have done" for the first person. (Sorry, just a bit of grammar nazi influence there.) To form the future perfect, you add the following endings, the future forms of the verb "to be", to the third principal part:

-ero
-eris
-erit

-erimus
-eritis
-erunt


Second Conjugation Verbs

Second conjugation verbs are only slightly regular- the first two principal parts will dependably end in -"eo" -"ere" <--long e

-but the other two are anyone's guess.

The future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect and imperfect are conjugated in exactly the same way as with the first conjugation, except that the stem always ends in a long e. For example, the stem of moneo monere is
"mone".

EXAMPLE:

Moneo
Mones
Monet

Monemus
Monetis
Monent

Actually, that's a good point. The first principle part is always the first person singular present, the second is always the infinitive, the third is always the first person singular perfect, and the fourth is the prior passive participle (which I'll mention later).

Okay, now that I'm done with that randomness....

Third Conjugation Verbs

Third conjugation verbs are also predictable only for the first two principal parts, which end in -o, -ere <---short e as in ago, agere, egi, actum Short e's are very weak- so they will almost always be swallowed up and replaced by stronger vowels. Thus, the stem of ago, agere might be said to be closer to "ag" than "age", with the insertion of a short i in many forms to fill space between the stem and the ending.

PRESENT

-o ago
-is ...AS... agis
-it agit

-imus agimus
-itis agitis
-unt agunt


IMPERFECT

-ebam
-ebas
-ebat

-ebamus
-ebatis
-ebant

...AS...

agebam
agebas
agebat

agebamus
agebatis
agebant

FUTURE

The vowel for the future tense is "e", except for the first person singular, for which the vowel is "a".

So...

-am
-es
-et

-emus
-etis
-ent

...AS...

Agam
Ages
Aget

Agemus
Agetis
Agent


A way to remember this is that in the present, there is a man fishing.

o
i
i
i............-Which looks kind of like a fishing reel, a string, and a hook.
i
u


In the future, he'll catch the fish, and since it is an unusually vocal fish, it will scream

AEEEEE!

PERFECT

The perfect is exactly the same as the perfect for the other tenses- the third principal part plus the perfect endings.

PLUPERFECT

The same as with other verb conjugations- just the third principle part with the i taken off the end and replaced by an imperfect form of esse.

FUTURE PERFECT

Same. Just take the i off the third principle part, and replace it with a future form of esse.

Third Declension I-Stems

Like cupio, cupere - the first principle part has an i in it, and that i stem shows up in the forms. Note in this case that the first e in cupere is short.

PRESENT

The stem- which, in this case, ends in an i (such as cupi-) has, once again, the usual endings added on, and in the case of the third person plural, -unt is added on to the stem rather than the usual -nt.

cupio
cupis
cupit

cupimus
cupitis
cupiunt

TO BE CONTINUED