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The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 69 (1972).
Under certain circumstances, state prison regulations may create a liberty interest that is protected under the Due Process Clause. Kentucky Dep't of Corrections v. Thompson, 490 U.S. 454, 461 (1989). To do so, the regulations must (1) contain `substantive predicates' governing an official's decision regarding a matter directly related to the individual; and (2) employ `explicitly mandatory language' specifying the outcome that must be reached upon a finding that the substantive predicates have been met. Id at 462-63.
The Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 273-74 (194 cool , guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him. In order to determine whether a defendant has received constitutionally adequate notice, the court looks first to the information. James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 24 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 333 (1994). 'The principal purpose of the information is to provide the defendant with a description of the charges against him in sufficient detail to enable him to prepare his defense.' Id.
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 569 (1972).
It is clear that a court cannot, without violati
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 69 (1972).
Under certain circumstances, state prison regulations may create a liberty interest that is protected under the Due Process Clause. Kentucky Dep't of Corrections v. Thompson, 490 U.S. 454, 461 (1989). To do so, the regulations must (1) contain `substantive predicates' governing an official's decision regarding a matter directly related to the individual; and (2) employ `explicitly mandatory language' specifying the outcome that must be reached upon a finding that the substantive predicates have been met. Id at 462-63.
The Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 273-74 (194 cool , guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him. In order to determine whether a defendant has received constitutionally adequate notice, the court looks first to the information. James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 24 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 333 (1994). 'The principal purpose of the information is to provide the defendant with a description of the charges against him in sufficient detail to enable him to prepare his defense.' Id.
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 569 (1972).
It is clear that a court cannot, without violati
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 69 (1972).
Under certain circumstances, state prison regulations may create a liberty interest that is protected under the Due Process Clause. Kentucky Dep't of Corrections v. Thompson, 490 U.S. 454, 461 (1989). To do so, the regulations must (1) contain `substantive predicates' governing an official's decision regarding a matter directly related to the individual; and (2) employ `explicitly mandatory language' specifying the outcome that must be reached upon a finding that the substantive predicates have been met. Id at 462-63.
The Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 273-74 (194 cool , guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him. In order to determine whether a defendant has received constitutionally adequate notice, the court looks first to the information. James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 24 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 333 (1994). 'The principal purpose of the information is to provide the defendant with a description of the charges against him in sufficient detail to enable him to prepare his defense.' Id.
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 569 (1972).
It is clear that a court cannot, without violati
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 69 (1972).
Under certain circumstances, state prison regulations may create a liberty interest that is protected under the Due Process Clause. Kentucky Dep't of Corrections v. Thompson, 490 U.S. 454, 461 (1989). To do so, the regulations must (1) contain `substantive predicates' governing an official's decision regarding a matter directly related to the individual; and (2) employ `explicitly mandatory language' specifying the outcome that must be reached upon a finding that the substantive predicates have been met. Id at 462-63.
The Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 273-74 (194 cool , guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him. In order to determine whether a defendant has received constitutionally adequate notice, the court looks first to the information. James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 24 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 333 (1994). 'The principal purpose of the information is to provide the defendant with a description of the charges against him in sufficient detail to enable him to prepare his defense.' Id.
The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law. A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 569 (1972).
It is clear that a court cannot, without violati
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All New Blackwing 602 -- Now Available!Buy the Palomino Blackwing 602Custom Imprint pencilsChoose from our wide range of Custom Imprint pencils!
.Learn
Pencil HistoryExplore centuries of pencil expression
The Earliest Forms of Self Expression
Did you know that modern pencils owe it all to an ancient Roman writing instrument called a stylus? Scribes used this thin metal rod to leave a light, but readable mark on papyrus (an early form of paper). Other early styluses were made of lead, which is what we still call pencil cores even though they actually are made of non-toxic graphite.
Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Appreciated for leaving a darker mark than lead, the mineral proved so soft and brittle that it required a holder. Originally, graphite sticks were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into hollowed-out wooden sticks. The wood-cased pencil was born!
Nuremberg, Germany is the birthplace of the first mass-produced pencils in 1662. Spurred by Faber-Castell (established in 1761), Lyra, Steadtler and other companies, an active pencil industry developed throughout the 19th century industrial revolution.
America Expresses Itself
Early settlers depended on pencils from overseas until the war with England cut off imports. William Monroe, a Concord, Massachusetts cabinet-maker, is credited with making America’s first wood pencils in 1812. Another Concord native, famous author Henry David Thoreau, was also renowned for his pencil-making prowess.
Click here to learn more about famous pencil people through history.
The American pencil industry took off with The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company (now Dixon Ticonderoga) and more manufacturers getting into the act. Towards the end of the 19th century, New York and New Jersey hosted several factories established by German pencil industry magnates, including Faber Castell, Eberhard Faber, Eagle Pencil Company (later Berol) and General Pencil Company.
The first mass-produced pencils were natural, unpainted, to show off high-quality wood casings. But by the 1890s, many manufacturers started painting pencils and imprinting them with brand names. There's an interesting story behind how the familiar yellow pencil came to be.
Click here to find out why pencils are yellow.
Email Address
All New Blackwing 602 -- Now Available!Buy the Palomino Blackwing 602Custom Imprint pencilsChoose from our wide range of Custom Imprint pencils!
.Learn
Pencil HistoryExplore centuries of pencil expression
The Earliest Forms of Self Expression
Did you know that modern pencils owe it all to an ancient Roman writing instrument called a stylus? Scribes used this thin metal rod to leave a light, but readable mark on papyrus (an early form of paper). Other early styluses were made of lead, which is what we still call pencil cores even though they actually are made of non-toxic graphite.
Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Appreciated for leaving a darker mark than lead, the mineral proved so soft and brittle that it required a holder. Originally, graphite sticks were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into hollowed-out wooden sticks. The wood-cased pencil was born!
Nuremberg, Germany is the birthplace of the first mass-produced pencils in 1662. Spurred by Faber-Castell (established in 1761), Lyra, Steadtler and other companies, an active pencil industry developed throughout the 19th century industrial revolution.
America Expresses Itself
Early settlers depended on pencils from overseas until the war with England cut off imports. William Monroe, a Concord, Massachusetts cabinet-maker, is credited with making America’s first wood pencils in 1812. Another Concord native, famous author Henry David Thoreau, was also renowned for his pencil-making prowess.
Click here to learn more about famous pencil people through history.
The American pencil industry took off with The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company (now Dixon Ticonderoga) and more manufacturers getting into the act. Towards the end of the 19th century, New York and New Jersey hosted several factories established by German pencil industry magnates, including Faber Castell, Eberhard Faber, Eagle Pencil Company (later Berol) and General Pencil Company.
The first mass-produced pencils were natural, unpainted, to show off high-quality wood casings. But by the 1890s, many manufacturers started painting pencils and imprinting them with brand names. There's an interesting story behind how the familiar yellow pencil came to be.
Click here to find out why pencils are yellow.
Email Address
All New Blackwing 602 -- Now Available!Buy the Palomino Blackwing 602Custom Imprint pencilsChoose from our wide range of Custom Imprint pencils!
.Learn
Pencil HistoryExplore centuries of pencil expression
The Earliest Forms of Self Expression
Did you know that modern pencils owe it all to an ancient Roman writing instrument called a stylus? Scribes used this thin metal rod to leave a light, but readable mark on papyrus (an early form of paper). Other early styluses were made of lead, which is what we still call pencil cores even though they actually are made of non-toxic graphite.
Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Appreciated for leaving a darker mark than lead, the mineral proved so soft and brittle that it required a holder. Originally, graphite sticks were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into hollowed-out wooden sticks. The wood-cased pencil was born!
Nuremberg, Germany is the birthplace of the first mass-produced pencils in 1662. Spurred by Faber-Castell (established in 1761), Lyra, Steadtler and other companies, an active pencil industry developed throughout the 19th century industrial revolution.
America Expresses Itself
Early settlers depended on pencils from overseas until the war with England cut off imports. William Monroe, a Concord, Massachusetts cabinet-maker, is credited with making America’s first wood pencils in 1812. Another Concord native, famous author Henry David Thoreau, was also renowned for his pencil-making prowess.
Click here to learn more about famous pencil people through history.
The American pencil industry took off with The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company (now Dixon Ticonderoga) and more manufacturers getting into the act. Towards the end of the 19th century, New York and New Jersey hosted several factories established by German pencil industry magnates, including Faber Castell, Eberhard Faber, Eagle Pencil Company (later Berol) and General Pencil Company.
The first mass-produced pencils were natural, unpainted, to show off high-quality wood casings. But by the 1890s, many manufacturers started painting pencils and imprinting them with brand names. There's an interesting story behind how the familiar yellow pencil came to be.
Click here to find out why pencils are yellow.
Email Address
All New Blackwing 602 -- Now Available!Buy the Palomino Blackwing 602Custom Imprint pencilsChoose from our wide range of Custom Imprint pencils!
.Learn
Pencil HistoryExplore centuries of pencil expression
The Earliest Forms of Self Expression
Did you know that modern pencils owe it all to an ancient Roman writing instrument called a stylus? Scribes used this thin metal rod to leave a light, but readable mark on papyrus (an early form of paper). Other early styluses were made of lead, which is what we still call pencil cores even though they actually are made of non-toxic graphite.
Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Appreciated for leaving a darker mark than lead, the mineral proved so soft and brittle that it required a holder. Originally, graphite sticks were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into hollowed-out wooden sticks. The wood-cased pencil was born!
Nuremberg, Germany is the birthplace of the first mass-produced pencils in 1662. Spurred by Faber-Castell (established in 1761), Lyra, Steadtler and other companies, an active pencil industry developed throughout the 19th century industrial revolution.
America Expresses Itself
Early settlers depended on pencils from overseas until the war with England cut off imports. William Monroe, a Concord, Massachusetts cabinet-maker, is credited with making America’s first wood pencils in 1812. Another Concord native, famous author Henry David Thoreau, was also renowned for his pencil-making prowess.
Click here to learn more about famous pencil people through history.
The American pencil industry took off with The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company (now Dixon Ticonderoga) and more manufacturers getting into the act. Towards the end of the 19th century, New York and New Jersey hosted several factories established by German pencil industry magnates, including Faber Castell, Eberhard Faber, Eagle Pencil Company (later Berol) and General Pencil Company.
The first mass-produced pencils were natural, unpainted, to show off high-quality wood casings. But by the 1890s, many manufacturers started painting pencils and imprinting them with brand names. There's an interesting story behind how the familiar yellow pencil came to be.
Click here to find out why pencils are yellow.
Email Address
All New Blackwing 602 -- Now Available!Buy the Palomino Blackwing 602Custom Imprint pencilsChoose from our wide range of Custom Imprint pencils!
.Learn
Pencil HistoryExplore centuries of pencil expression
The Earliest Forms of Self Expression
Did you know that modern pencils owe it all to an ancient Roman writing instrument called a stylus? Scribes used this thin metal rod to leave a light, but readable mark on papyrus (an early form of paper). Other early styluses were made of lead, which is what we still call pencil cores even though they actually are made of non-toxic graphite.
Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Appreciated for leaving a darker mark than lead, the mineral proved so soft and brittle that it required a holder. Originally, graphite sticks were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into hollowed-out wooden sticks. The wood-cased pencil was born!
Nuremberg, Germany is the birthplace of the first mass-produced pencils in 1662. Spurred by Faber-Castell (established in 1761), Lyra, Steadtler and other companies, an active pencil industry developed throughout the 19th century industrial revolution.
America Expresses Itself
Early settlers depended on pencils from overseas until the war with England cut off imports. William Monroe, a Concord, Massachusetts cabinet-maker, is credited with making America’s first wood pencils in 1812. Another Concord native, famous author Henry David Thoreau, was also renowned for his pencil-making prowess.
Click here to learn more about famous pencil people through history.
The American pencil industry took off with The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company (now Dixon Ticonderoga) and more manufacturers getting into the act. Towards the end of the 19th century, New York and New Jersey hosted several factories established by German pencil industry magnates, including Faber Castell, Eberhard Faber, Eagle Pencil Company (later Berol) and General Pencil Company.
The first mass-produced pencils were natural, unpainted, to show off high-quality wood casings. But by the 1890s, many manufacturers started painting pencils and imprinting them with brand names. There's an interesting story behind how the familiar yellow pencil came to be.
Click here to find out why pencils are yellow.